# Overview

Welcome to Kinetic, a lending protocol that prioritizes giving access to new and expanding decentralized markets.

Kinetic makes lending and borrowing digital assets simple and secure. We enable users to unlock the value of non-native assets within a decentralized, trustless framework.

Kinetic integrates native assets as well as bridged assets to enhance cross-chain liquidity and broaden market access. With a growing list of supported tokens across the Flare and Soroban ecosystems.

Kinetic is proud to work alongside trusted partners such as the Flare network, the Stellar Foundation, Shapeshifter, Hypernative, Rome Blockchain Labs, and more. These collaborations provide the secure infrastructure and operational reliability needed to keep Kinetic running seamlessly.

With Kinetic, users can engage in permissionless lending and borrowing, enjoying a flexible, secure, and transparent financial network. Earn yield by lending assets, leverage through borrowing, and access liquidity without intermediaries. Instant deposits and withdrawals make the platform ideal for both individual users and enterprises.

Interest rates on Kinetic are market driven and set by supply and demand, ensuring transparency. 

Borrowers on Kinetic overcollateralize their loans, with borrowing limits based on the real-time market value of their collateral; the Health Factor tool allows users to monitor and manage their borrowing risk effectively.

With a focus on accessibility and innovation, Kinetic brings new possibilities to DeFi and the future of finance.

<br>


# Getting Started

Getting started with Kinetic is quick and straightforward. All you need is:

1️⃣ A Wallet on the Flare Network – Connect using Wallet Connect, MetaMask, SolidFi, or Bifrost.

2️⃣ Eligible Assets – You’ll need one of the supported tokens to supply into the market. The main market includes sFLR, USDC.e, USDT, WETH, FLRETH, while isolated markets support JOULE, USDC.e, and FLR, or additionally USDT0, and fXRP.

Once you are set up, you can start lending, borrowing, and maximizing your assets in Flare’s DeFi ecosystem. Kinetic makes it easy to jump in and take control of your financial strategy.

{% hint style="warning" %}
Always keep a small amount of FLR in your wallet for transaction fees.&#x20;
{% endhint %}

<figure><img src="/files/D5tKcDhZ5zri0oz0AEoY" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

<br>


# Liquidity Market

Supplying and Borrowing through Kinetic on the Flare network.

Kinetic offers a robust platform for users to maximize the potential of their assets through lending and borrowing on the Flare and Soroban networks.

For lenders, Kinetic presents an opportunity to lend digital assets to other users, earning interest in return. This allows users to generate passive yield from their idle assets while contributing to the liquidity and efficiency of the ecosystem. With no specific terms or minimum amounts required for lending, lenders have complete control over their lending strategies.

On the borrowing side, Kinetic offers a convenient way to access funds without traditional banking intermediaries. By using eligible assets as collateral, users can secure loans quickly and easily. Whether for seizing investment opportunities or covering unforeseen expenses, Kinetics' borrowing functionality provides access to capital while maintaining ownership of assets.

Kinetics' lending and borrowing ecosystem operates on a finely-tuned algorithm that continuously balances interest rates in response to the supply-to-borrow ratio. This approach maintains stability by automatically adjusting interest rates based on demand for loans and asset availability. The protocol's rebalancing mechanism safeguards against market volatility, ensuring robust health.

To determine borrowing limits, Kinetic considers factors such as borrow caps and collateral factors of each asset supplied as collateral. These limits are calculated to provide flexibility for borrowers while upholding ecosystem security. All loans on Kinetic are overcollateralized, meaning borrowers must provide collateral exceeding the loan value. This approach safeguards lenders and the protocol from insolvency, mitigating risks and ensuring long-term sustainability.

<br>


# Supply

Supplying allows you to maximize the potential of your idle assets. By depositing into Kinetic, you enable your assets to earn yield through a decentralized and secure platform. Your supplied assets are made available to borrowers, who pay fees to borrow them, thereby generating interest. Users retain the flexibility to withdraw their assets at any time, provided they are not currently used as collateral for an active loan.

## Deposit Assets

Depositing assets into the lending pool on Kinetic is a straightforward process designed for user convenience. To get started please follow these steps:

1. &#x20;Connect your wallet using one of the available wallet options from our selection. The connect wallet button is located at the top right section of your screen and on mobile it will be located in the drop-down menu.&#x20;

<div align="center"><figure><img src="/files/5LcptuETsUzP72vDZnAP" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div>

<div align="center" data-full-width="true"><figure><img src="/files/IF6jeFpbp7MNFPzscY7p" alt="" width="277"><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div>

2. &#x20;Select your chosen asset from the supply list, then enter the amount that you would like to supply into the lending market.

<figure><img src="/files/XPoACOOKdtKewayxaoSv" alt=""><figcaption><p>The assets listed in the drop-down are generic for testing and educational purposes., they do not reflect the specific markets that Kinetic will launch on mainnet.  </p></figcaption></figure>

3. You can enter a specific amount, use the slider button to change your chosen amount, or simply click the Max button to supply the maximum amount of that asset held in your wallet.

<figure><img src="/files/Ik2Ch7zKbE7YKpSaU5UX" alt="" width="299"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

4. &#x20;Click the Approve and Supply button to deposit your assets. You will be prompted by your wallet to approve the transaction. It is important to note that even if you choose to supply an asset, it does not obligate you to borrow against it. Collateralize your supply by toggling the Use as Collateral button below the supplied asset, enabling you to borrow against your supply.

<figure><img src="/files/bM6neZu5g6CObh6HDAZh" alt="" width="563"><figcaption><p>Confirming supply of ETH into the lending pool</p></figcaption></figure>

<figure><img src="/files/pvPTL6Hbcr5guC1LGCl4" alt=""><figcaption><p>ETH has been supplied</p></figcaption></figure>

6. Upon depositing, your wallet will receive kTokens that serve as a receipt for your supplied assets. These kTokens are initially valued at 0.020000 and will appreciate over time based on the accruing interest rate.

{% hint style="warning" %}
Understanding the potential returns and risks associated with supplying an asset on Kinetic is essential for informed decision-making. When you supply an asset, you have the potential to earn interest as a function of supplying, however, it is crucial to be aware of the associated risks. Market conditions can change affecting the value of your supplied assets, and there is always a small possibility of protocol-associated smart contract risk. It is important to carefully consider the potential rewards against these inherent risks before deciding to supply assets to the lending markets.
{% endhint %}

## Withdrawals

1. To withdraw your assets, navigate to the dashboard and underneath the My Assets section click on the Withdraw button for the selected asset.

<figure><img src="/files/pkGsYFbkPkTq4AgAXC3O" alt=""><figcaption><p>In this example, the user would be able to withdraw our chosen amount of ETH. </p></figcaption></figure>

2. &#x20;Choose the amount you wish to withdraw and submit the transaction.

{% hint style="warning" %}
Users can withdraw their assets at any point as long as funds are not being actively used as collateral. This means that if your deposited assets are not tied up in securing a loan, and their withdrawal won't disrupt any ongoing borrowings, you are free to withdraw them at any time.
{% endhint %}


# kTokens

When users deposit assets into Kinetic, they receive lending receipt tokens known as kTokens (e.g., kFLR, kXRP, kUSD). The initial exchange rate for these tokens is set at 0.020000. This rate represents the starting value of the deposited assets in terms of kTokens.

As interest accrues over time, the exchange rate of kTokens increases. The calculation for this increase is based on the interest generated by the lent-out assets. Specifically, the interest paid by borrowers is proportionally distributed to the kTokens, causing their value to rise.&#x20;

This means that the more interest accumulated, the higher the value of each kToken. Users must keep these kTokens in their wallets to withdraw the corresponding deposited assets. The kTokens essentially act as a receipt and a dynamic representation of the user's share in the lending pool, reflecting both the principal amount and the earned interest.


# Borrow

Borrowing on the Kinetic protocol allows users to leverage their existing assets without having to sell them.

### **Step-by-Step Borrowing Process**

1. &#x20;**Enable Collateral:**
   * Before borrowing, deposit an accepted asset into Kinetic.
   * Ensure the "Use as Collateral" option is enabled in the "Supply" section. This makes your supplied asset available to secure your borrowings.
2. &#x20;**Set Borrowing Limit:**
   * The maximum amount you can borrow is determined by the value of your supplied assets and the protocol's liquidity/borrow caps.
3. &#x20;**Initiate Borrowing:**
   * Navigate to the Supply & Borrow tab and then click on "Borrow."
   * Select the type of asset you want to borrow from the dropdown menu.
   * Enter the desired amount to borrow and click "Borrow."
   * Once the transaction is confirmed, your borrow is successful, and interest will start accruing immediately.
4. &#x20;**Understanding Collateral Factor:**
   * Each asset has a different collateral factor, which represents the maximum amount you can borrow against it. It's crucial to understand these factors to manage your borrowings effectively.

### **Managing Borrowed Assets**

**Health Factor:**

* The Health factor is a real-time indicator of the safety of your loan position. It fluctuates with market conditions and the value of your collateral.
* Keeping your Health factor above 1 ensures that your position remains secure. Falling below this threshold increases the risk of liquidation.

**Repayments:**

* Underneath the My Assets section, you will see a list of your borrowed assets as well as the option to Repay.

  * Select the asset you wish to repay
  * Enter the amount
  * Approve the allowance for the borrowed amount
  * Confirm the transaction to repay your loan.

  **Repayments must be made in the same asset that was borrowed.**

**Repayment Flexibility:**

* There is no fixed repayment period. You can borrow for as long as your Health factor remains above 1.
* Monitor accrued interest as it can reduce your Health factor, potentially leading to liquidation if not managed.

**Preventing Liquidation:**

* Repay part or all of your loan to reduce the borrowed amount.
* Supply additional assets to increase your collateral and improve your Health factor.

By understanding these steps and actively managing your loan positions, you can effectively utilize Kinetic's borrowing features to enhance your financial strategies while maintaining the security of your assets.


# Liquidations

On Kinetic, liquidations occur when a borrower's collateral falls to or below a health factor of 1. In the event of liquidation, a portion of supplied assets is liquidated to repay the outstanding loan. This process ensures that the platform and its suppliers remain solvent.

### How Liquidations Happen

1. Health Factor Monitoring: Each borrower's health factor is continuously monitored. The health factor is a numerical representation of the borrower's collateralization level.
2. Triggering Liquidation: When the health factor is equal to or falls below 1, it indicates that the borrower's collateral is insufficient to cover their borrowed assets. At this point, liquidation is triggered.
3. Liquidation Process: During liquidation, up to 50% of the borrower's supplied assets are sold off to repay a portion of their outstanding loan. This is designed to bring the health factor back to a safer level above 1, as the borrower had been over-collateralized.

#### Liquidation Penalty&#x20;

A liquidation penalty of 11% will be applied during the liquidation process. The liquidation process is decentralized and open to all potential liquidators.

<br>


# Protocol Parameters

**Collateral Factor**: This parameter plays a crucial role in determining the borrowing capacity against deposited assets. For example, a 60% Collateral Factor means that users can borrow up to 60% of the deposited asset's value.

**Reserve Factor**: The Reserve Factor is instrumental in safeguarding asset supply against potential borrower defaults and liquidation issues by allocating a portion of the interest earned to an asset's Reserve Pool. Analytical modeling conducted by Shapeshifter determines the optimal range for this factor, typically falling between 5% to 30%. For instance, a 20% Reserve Factor implies that 20% of the interest paid by borrowers is channeled into the Reserve Pool. This mechanism enhances the protocol's stability and resilience over time.

**Borrow Cap**: This parameter sets the upper limit for borrowing a specific asset at any given time. For instance, a 2,000,000 Borrow Cap on FLR restricts the maximum amount of FLR that borrowers can access simultaneously and collectively on Kinetic. Such caps prevent excessive borrowing, maintain market equilibrium, and mitigate systemic risks within the lending protocol.

**Close Factor**: The Close Factor determines the maximum percentage of a borrower's outstanding debt that can be repaid in a single transaction during liquidation events. For example, a 50% Close Factor would allow liquidating up to 50% of the borrower's collateral if their health factor drops below 1. This conservative approach ensures prudent risk management and safeguards the protocol's liquidity during market downturns.

**Interest Rate Model**: Kinetic employs the Jump Rate Interest Model, a dynamic mechanism that adjusts interest rates based on asset utilization within the protocol. As asset utilization increases, signaling higher demand, interest rates experience significant jumps to incentivize asset deposits and loan repayments. For instance, when asset utilization reaches 80%, a substantial increase in interest rates occurs, stimulating user participation and maintaining liquidity within the lending ecosystem.


# Testnet Tutorial Video

{% embed url="<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KLJZsHNvrjo>" %}


# Oracles and Pricing

Kinetic on Flare leverages the network's native oracle infrastructure as its primary data source, with external oracle support for assets not covered natively.

Kinetic uses a layered oracle system to resolve asset prices. For each asset, the protocol works through the following priority order until a valid price is found:

1. **FTSO (Flare Time Series Oracle)** the primary oracle. FTSO is Flare's native, decentralized oracle system, built directly into the network. It provides continuously updated, community-validated price feeds for assets native to the Flare ecosystem.
2. **RedStone** the primary external oracle. For assets not covered by FTSO, Kinetic integrates RedStone price feeds. RedStone is a Modular Oracle that delivers frequently updated, reliable, and diverse data feeds — including yield-bearing assets such as LSTs, LRTs, Bitcoin LSTs, and yield-accruing stablecoins.

All price data is subject to staleness thresholds. If a price exceeds its allowed age, the protocol rejects it and automatically moves to the next source in the priority order. This ensures that lending decisions are always based on current, reliable market data.


# Kinetic Tokenomics

**JOULE**, the native token of the Kinetic protocol, has a maximum supply of 1,500,000,000 tokens. Its distribution is allocated across various categories to serve different purposes within the ecosystem.

<figure><img src="/files/pZSwbz9o62ksYhm6B3pm" alt="" width="563"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

1. **Protocol Development (20%):** This portion is dedicated to incentivizing ongoing development on the Kinetic protocol and rewarding core contributors. Tokens are subject to a vesting schedule, with a 6-month cliff followed by an 18-month linear vesting period.
2. **Liquidity Incentives (30%):** Allocated to attract and incentivize liquidity within the protocol over the first 5 years. This incentivizes users to provide liquidity, enhancing the overall efficiency and effectiveness of the Kinetic ecosystem.
3. **Token Launch and Exchange Liquidity (20%):** These tokens are reserved to support the initial launch of the protocol and ensure liquidity on both centralized and decentralized exchanges. This portion is unlocked upfront to facilitate immediate liquidity provision.
4. &#x20;**Ecosystem Growth (30%):** Reserved to reward Kinetic partners and support the long-term strategic growth of the protocol. A portion of these tokens is distributed upfront, with the remainder subject to a 3-year linear vesting schedule.

### No Token Sale

Kinetic opts for organic growth and genuine community engagement instead of hosting a token sale. This approach aligns with the project's commitment to sustainable development and belief in the transformative potential of the platform.


# Voting and Governance

<figure><img src="/files/TmIZhaGnUrFyto6K1fEt" alt="" width="563"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Kinetic's governance model for the Borrow and Lend Protocol is designed to transition into a DAO while maintaining the commitment of the Core team to oversee the protocol until it becomes fully community-driven and sustainable. This approach reflects Kinetic's dedication to decentralization, ensuring that the community's voice is central in shaping the protocol's future. While the Core team maintains its responsibilities in the initial stages, the intention is for Kinetic to evolve into a truly community-governed platform.

To facilitate user participation in decision-making, Kinetic has implemented a structured monthly off-chain voting process. This process allows Kii Stakers, who are essential participants in the Kinetic ecosystem, to actively voice their opinions and contribute to the direction of integrations and additions within the protocol. Kii Stakers have the option to self-delegate and cast their votes independently or choose from a list of delegators to represent their interests. Importantly, only Kii Stakeholders who cast their votes within the specified time frame are eligible for rewards. If a user misses the opportunity to vote in one month, they can still participate in subsequent voting cycles. Kii Stakers begin earning rewards from the day they cast their vote within the designated time period, incentivizing active participation in the governance process.

Voting procedures and proposals for protocol upgrades are easily accessible from the Kinetic dashboard page, with direct links to the questions being voted upon. While the voting process is conducted off-chain, it remains an integral part of the governance model. Protocol upgrades and changes will be decided at the discretion of the Core team and announced through Kinetic's official social channels, ensuring transparency and community awareness. This approach enables Kinetic to adapt to the evolving needs and preferences of its user base while maintaining a clear and efficient decision-making process.

<br>


# Delegations for Kii

Upon the launch of Kii, the platform will initially offer a single wallet option for users to delegate their voting power. This wallet will be owned and managed by Kinetic, ensuring a secure and reliable delegation process for community members while the community structure is being established. The primary goal of this approach is to mitigate the risk associated with delegation wallets potentially unstaking during the early stages of the community’s development.

Once a user has delegated their voting power to the delegation wallet, their delegation will remain active and does not require re-signing or re-delegation for each 45-day staking cycle. This convenience allows users to participate in the staking process without the need for continuous management of their delegation status.

However, users have the flexibility to remove the delegation of their voting power at any time. It is important to note that removing delegation will terminate the user’s earning potential for the remainder of the current staking cycle, unless they choose to vote independently.

To compensate for the services provided by the delegated address, a delegation fee of 10% of the claimable rewards will be awarded to the delegated address during each staking cycle. This fee structure ensures that the delegated address is incentivized to maintain a secure and efficient delegation process for the benefit of all participating users.


# Dashboards

Dashboards are visual tools that aggregate and display key data metrics in real time, helping users track performance, analyze trends, and make informed decisions.

## Sentora

The Kinetic Risk Radar dashboard from Sentora provides deep analytical insights into lending activity. Leveraging machine learning and on-chain data, it offers valuable metrics such as user growth, asset flows, liquidation trends, and risk indicators. This data helps users assess protocol health, track market movements, and make informed lending and borrowing decisions.

{% embed url="<https://defirisk.intotheblock.com/metrics/flare/kinetic>" %}

## Dune

The **Kinetic Dashboard on Dune** provides real-time insights into the health and activity of the Kinetic lending protocol on the Flare Network. Designed for transparency and ease of use, the dashboard allows users to track key metrics such as total value locked (TVL), borrow and supply balances, liquidation events, and asset utilization rates. By offering clear, data-driven insights, the dashboard enables users to make informed decisions, monitor risk, and optimize their lending and borrowing strategies.&#x20;

{% embed url="<https://dune.com/insights4vc/kinetic>" %}


# Exchanges

Exchanges are platforms that facilitate the buying, selling, and trading of digital assets, providing liquidity and accessibility for users.

Joule has reached significant milestones by securing listings on prominent centralized exchanges MEXC, Probit, and Bitrue, alongside its presence on the Flare-native decentralized exchange, Sparkdex. Additionally, Joule is now available in Kinetic’s ISO pools, further expanding its utility within the ecosystem. These strategic developments enhance Joule's accessibility while building momentum for its inclusion in FTSOv2.

## Centralized Exchanges

### Bitrue

{% embed url="<https://www.bitrue.com/trade/joule_usdt>" %}

## Decentralized Exchanges

### SparkDEX

{% embed url="<https://sparkdex.ai/stats/v3>" %}


# Security and Risk Management

## Rome Blockchain Labs

Security is a top priority for Kinetic. We have partnered with [Rome Blockchain Labs](https://romeblockchain.com/home) (RBL), a company with a strong track record in launching technical infrastructure for lending protocols. RBL has adapted and refined our code from a Compound fork and internally audited and updated it over four years to create tailored lending protocols for different blockchains. This battle-tested code provides a solid foundation for Kinetics' security.

## Shapeshifter

A technology development firm specializing in advanced solutions at the intersection of quantitative finance, blockchain, and AI. Custom algorithms, risk models, and economic frameworks are designed and implemented to optimize DeFi protocols.

For Kinetic, Shapeshifter’s expertise ensures the protocol remains efficient, sustainable, and competitive in the evolving Flare landscape. Work includes modeling dynamic interest rate curves, optimizing capital efficiency, and integrating risk management tools to enhance lending markets.

## Hypernative

​Hypernative specializes in real-time threat detection and automated risk mitigation for Web3 platforms. By continuously monitoring blockchain activities, Hypernative identifies potential security threats, such as zero-day vulnerabilities and economic risks, before they impact protocols and users. This partnership enables proactive identification and prevention of security threats, ensuring a more secure environment for users.

<br>


# Health Factor

## Your Health Factor

To manage risks effectively, Kinetic advises users to monitor their loan's health factors closely. Borrowers should be proactive in managing their positions and consider repaying or depositing additional assets if their health factor declines. Staying informed about blockchain developments and the assets used as collateral can help users make informed decisions.

### How Health Factor is Calculated

The **Health Factor (HF)** measures how safe a user's borrowed funds are compared to their supplied collateral. The formula is:

<figure><img src="/files/dpMJeapZNCnQumzZbvYC" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

**Important:** Each asset has a **Collateral Factor**, meaning only a percentage of its value counts toward your borrowing power.

**Example Calculation:**

* **Collateral Factor:**
  * sFLR: **70%**
  * USDC: **80%**
* **User Supplied Assets:**
  * sFLR: **$2,000**
  * USDC: **$1,500**
  * **Total Collateral:** **$3,500**
* **Borrow Limit Calculation:**

<div align="center" data-full-width="false"><figure><img src="/files/0S22HQPlu6PbF33of3AI" alt="" width="375"><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div>

* **User’s Actual Borrow: $1,500**
* **Health Factor Calculation:**

<figure><img src="/files/ByjuZoYRA8DhgnP6BXM1" alt="" width="113"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

If a user's **Health Factor drops to 1**, they risk **liquidation**. In this example, that happens when their borrow amount reaches **$2,600**.

<br>


# Reports

### [Watchpug Audit - April 2024](https://app.kinetic.market/Kinetic-audit-reports.pdf)

### [Hypernative: How Kinetic Stopped a Hack and Saved $5M](/)

### [Shapeshifter: On-Chain Lending: Review of Kinetic Markets](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1SckGRwxnMXOW9en6YiYn-fCI3M9HgZZ1/view)

### [Hacken Proof - April 2025](https://kinetic.market/docs/Kinetic-hackenproof.pdf)


# Contracts and API Documentation

## Kinetic Smart Contract Addresses

<table><thead><tr><th width="294">Name</th><th>Contract Addresses</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Deployer</td><td><a href="https://flare-explorer.flare.network/address/0x38DD5f83556825A2c23a65bd4c3bB10aBa33C221">0x38DD5f83556825A2c23a65bd4c3bB10aBa33C221</a></td></tr><tr><td> Admin</td><td><a href="https://flare-explorer.flare.network/address/0xd8575Ff9eBEDC5becaa6DaCE50B7fdbFa1276352">0xd8575Ff9eBEDC5becaa6DaCE50B7fdbFa1276352</a></td></tr><tr><td>JOULE </td><td><a href="https://flare-explorer.flare.network/address/0xE6505f92583103AF7ed9974DEC451A7Af4e3A3bE">0xE6505f92583103AF7ed9974DEC451A7Af4e3A3bE</a></td></tr><tr><td>JOULE Proxy Admin</td><td><a href="https://flare-explorer.flare.network/address/0x12d5c8B8C0e9708E92342d7Ab6394Ca62B6c04D0">0x12d5c8B8C0e9708E92342d7Ab6394Ca62B6c04D0</a></td></tr><tr><td>JOULE Implementation</td><td><a href="https://flare-explorer.flare.network/address/0x6C8fF0Ee51aF014c8B12D1D5F040A13f73B633fe">0x6C8fF0Ee51aF014c8B12D1D5F040A13f73B633fe</a></td></tr><tr><td>JOULE ImplementationV2</td><td><a href="https://flare-explorer.flare.network/address/0xEE15da0edB70FC6D98D03651F949FcCc2C4e1E80">0xEE15da0edB70FC6D98D03651F949FcCc2C4e1E80</a></td></tr><tr><td>Kii </td><td><a href="https://flare-explorer.flare.network/address/0xd38220CFF996A73E9110aacA64e02d581B83A0CD">0xd38220CFF996A73E9110aacA64e02d581B83A0CD</a></td></tr><tr><td>Kii Implementation</td><td><a href="https://flare-explorer.flare.network/address/0xDFa53C46bBB84aB0Fb580BDE6F576970F3482E03">0xDFa53C46bBB84aB0Fb580BDE6F576970F3482E03</a></td></tr><tr><td>Kii ImplementationV2</td><td><a href="https://flare-explorer.flare.network/address/0xEA056C4Fbd622fee1338ec01E223bF63E4531FC6"> 0xEA056C4Fbd622fee1338ec01E223bF63E4531FC6</a></td></tr><tr><td>Rebates Off-Chain Wallet</td><td><a href="https://flare-explorer.flare.network/address/0x403b2e427DE4D62DD42082f525b59D838aD5300C">0x403b2e427DE4D62DD42082f525b59D838aD5300C</a></td></tr><tr><td>Kii Staking Rewards Off-Chain Wallet</td><td><a href="https://flare-explorer.flare.network/address/0x4c88B927b574635D3efe5C589f8C11e53b28Dc01">0x4c88B927b574635D3efe5C589f8C11e53b28Dc01</a></td></tr><tr><td>Univ2OracleAddress</td><td><a href="https://flare-explorer.flare.network/address/0x67f6506eda989b1ad6ae7706F5D1E75dec219C7f">0x67f6506eda989b1ad6ae7706F5D1E75dec219C7f</a></td></tr><tr><td>RedeemBurnRateCalculator</td><td><a href="https://flare-explorer.flare.network/address/0x9747AAA69ea860FBC39c0f73199B5769FAaBCC2A">0x9747AAA69ea860FBC39c0f73199B5769FAaBCC2A</a></td></tr><tr><td>Unitroller</td><td><a href="https://flare-explorer.flare.network/address/0x8041680Fb73E1Fe5F851e76233DCDfA0f2D2D7c8">0x8041680Fb73E1Fe5F851e76233DCDfA0f2D2D7c8</a></td></tr><tr><td>Comptroller</td><td><a href="https://flare-explorer.flare.network/address/0xeC7e541375D70c37262f619162502dB9131d6db5">0xeC7e541375D70c37262f619162502dB9131d6db5</a></td></tr><tr><td>LiquidatorWhiteList</td><td><a href="https://flare-explorer.flare.network/address/0x5fa1B6Cdc8E46BfFEed066E1ECd92F90C663e8CC">0x5fa1B6Cdc8E46BfFEed066E1ECd92F90C663e8CC</a></td></tr><tr><td>ProtocolFTSOV3Oracle</td><td><a href="https://flarescan.com/address/0xC1d7029C970d9B683Da9d37b49d84D081dbeD54c">0xC1d7029C970d9B683Da9d37b49d84D081dbeD54c</a></td></tr><tr><td>Lending Rebates Rewards</td><td><a href="https://flare-explorer.flare.network/address/0xb52aB55F9325B4522c3bdAc692D4F21b0CbA05Ee">0xb52aB55F9325B4522c3bdAc692D4F21b0CbA05Ee</a></td></tr><tr><td>Borrow Rebates Rewards</td><td><a href="https://flare-explorer.flare.network/address/0x5896c198e445E269021B04D7c84FA46dc2cEdcd8">0x5896c198e445E269021B04D7c84FA46dc2cEdcd8</a></td></tr><tr><td>Kii Staking Rewards</td><td><a href="https://flare-explorer.flare.network/address/0x1218b178e170E8cfb3Ba5ADa853aaF4579845347">0x1218b178e170E8cfb3Ba5ADa853aaF4579845347</a></td></tr><tr><td>Lens</td><td><a href="https://flarescan.com/address/0xcB10E547aB931fe12D3df5BF3f2f9D596Ab1A181">0xcB10E547aB931fe12D3df5BF3f2f9D596Ab1A181</a></td></tr><tr><td>sFLR</td><td><a href="https://flarescan.com/token/0x12e605bc104e93B45e1aD99F9e555f659051c2BB?chainid=14">0x12e605bc104e93B45e1aD99F9e555f659051c2BB</a></td></tr><tr><td>USDC.e</td><td><a href="https://flare-explorer.flare.network/address/0xFbDa5F676cB37624f28265A144A48B0d6e87d3b6">0xFbDa5F676cB37624f28265A144A48B0d6e87d3b6</a></td></tr><tr><td>USDT</td><td><a href="https://flare-explorer.flare.network/address/0x0B38e83B86d491735fEaa0a791F65c2B99535396">0x0B38e83B86d491735fEaa0a791F65c2B99535396</a></td></tr><tr><td>wETH</td><td><a href="https://flare-explorer.flare.network/token/0x1502FA4be69d526124D453619276FacCab275d3D/token-transfers">0x1502FA4be69d526124D453619276FacCab275d3D</a></td></tr><tr><td>FLRETH</td><td><a href="https://flare-explorer.flare.network/address/0x26A1faB310bd080542DC864647d05985360B16A5">0x26A1faB310bd080542DC864647d05985360B16A5</a></td></tr><tr><td>kwETH</td><td><a href="https://flarescan.com/address/0x5C2400019017AE61F811D517D088Df732642DbD0">0x5C2400019017AE61F811D517D088Df732642DbD0</a></td></tr><tr><td>ksFLR</td><td><a href="https://flare-explorer.flare.network/address/0x291487beC339c2fE5D83DD45F0a15EFC9Ac45656">0x291487beC339c2fE5D83DD45F0a15EFC9Ac45656</a></td></tr><tr><td>kUSDC.e</td><td><a href="https://flare-explorer.flare.network/address/0xDEeBaBe05BDA7e8C1740873abF715f16164C29B8">0xDEeBaBe05BDA7e8C1740873abF715f16164C29B8</a></td></tr><tr><td>kUSDT</td><td><a href="https://flare-explorer.flare.network/address/0x1e5bBC19E0B17D7d38F318C79401B3D16F2b93bb">0x1e5bBC19E0B17D7d38F318C79401B3D16F2b93bb</a></td></tr><tr><td>rFLR</td><td><a href="https://flare-explorer.flare.network/address/0x26d460c3Cf931Fb2014FA436a49e3Af08619810e">0x26d460c3Cf931Fb2014FA436a49e3Af08619810e</a></td></tr><tr><td>kFLRETH</td><td><a href="https://flarescan.com/address/0x40eE5dfe1D4a957cA8AC4DD4ADaf8A8fA76b1C16">0x40eE5dfe1D4a957cA8AC4DD4ADaf8A8fA76b1C16</a></td></tr><tr><td>USDT0</td><td><a href="https://flarescan.com/token/0xe7cd86e13AC4309349F30B3435a9d337750fC82D?chainid=14">0xe7cd86e13AC4309349F30B3435a9d337750fC82D</a></td></tr><tr><td>kUSDT0</td><td><a href="https://flarescan.com/address/0x76809aBd690B77488Ffb5277e0a8300a7e77B779/contract/14/readContract?chainid=14">0x76809aBd690B77488Ffb5277e0a8300a7e77B779</a></td></tr><tr><td>kFLR</td><td><a href="https://flarescan.com/address/0xb84F771305d10607Dd086B2f89712c0CeD379407">0xb84F771305d10607Dd086B2f89712c0CeD379407</a></td></tr><tr><td>SparkDEX Liquidator</td><td><a href="https://flare-explorer.flare.network/address/0xAA4897Cb9D3f43a766868c7e4786B00D25f2b0Dd">0xAA4897Cb9D3f43a766868c7e4786B00D25f2b0Dd</a></td></tr><tr><td>UnitrollerTimelockupgrader</td><td><a href="https://flarescan.com/address/0x81274d9250C8a36c62d3F45F18BD34D44D433b45">0x81274d9250C8a36c62d3F45F18BD34D44D433b45</a></td></tr><tr><td>UnitrollerOracleSetterTimelock</td><td><a href="https://flarescan.com/address/0x8f39EC8683Ff5af8f8Ad18563981f2C020E7EF32">0x8f39EC8683Ff5af8f8Ad18563981f2C020E7EF32</a></td></tr><tr><td>ProtocolFTSOV23racleTimelock (oracle admin)</td><td><a href="https://flarescan.com/address/0x58B1b315319CE94FFF3a665E2C4a7F61375aABa8">0x58B1b315319CE94FFF3a665E2C4a7F61375aABa8</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

## ISO Market: FXRP - USDT0 - STFXRP

<table><thead><tr><th width="244">Name</th><th>Contract Address</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Unitroller Address</td><td>0x15F69897E6aEBE0463401345543C26d1Fd994abB</td></tr><tr><td>Comptroller Implementation</td><td>0x35aFf580e53d9834a3a0e21a50f97b942Aba8866</td></tr><tr><td>Comptroller LibAllowList </td><td>0x3f9cAA90c4D0c2D776620c9cbbe7bC60Dc053B61</td></tr><tr><td>Liquidator Allower</td><td>0x16B9013562bA176e2C95e34AaFD95E3DE9755997</td></tr><tr><td>Protocol FTS0V3Oracle</td><td>0x61f77Ef0064736Ffa68c31D960E55BAf67F79A4b</td></tr><tr><td>ISO FXRP Address</td><td>0xD1b7A5eFa9bd88F291F7A4563a8f6185c0249CB3</td></tr><tr><td>ISO FXRP Interest Rate Model </td><td>0xE625338E3778B63B11D1aE7aB26E435fCb8f1664</td></tr><tr><td>ISO USDT0 Address</td><td>0xad7e7989796414c9572da9854DEb1B920724fd09</td></tr><tr><td>ISO USDT0 Interest Rate Model</td><td>0xcd0c4E62Ee9278eB7D695F98A401688Db02FC66d</td></tr><tr><td>USDT0 Address</td><td>0xe7cd86e13AC4309349F30B3435a9d337750fC82D</td></tr><tr><td>FXRP Address</td><td>0xAd552A648C74D49E10027AB8a618A3ad4901c5bE</td></tr><tr><td>Lens</td><td>0x553e7b78812D69fA30242E7380417781125C7AC7</td></tr><tr><td>Pause Gaurdian </td><td>0x5C37a9c61d7c9349b399EDc78f00AA90710b2B75</td></tr><tr><td>STFXRP Address</td><td>0x4C18Ff3C89632c3Dd62E796c0aFA5c07c4c1B2b3</td></tr><tr><td>isoSTFXRP Address</td><td>0x870f7B89F0d408D7CA2E6586Df26D00Ea03aA358</td></tr></tbody></table>

## ISO Market: JOULE - USDC - FLR

<table><thead><tr><th width="242">Name</th><th>Contract Address</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Deployer</td><td>0x38DD5f83556825A2c23a65bd4c3bB10aBa33C221</td></tr><tr><td>Rebates Off-Chain Wallet</td><td>0x1F2C362620aaf9a49a4260E5f4B7507a7cf6290a</td></tr><tr><td>Liquidator Deployer</td><td>0x0E90f69aaE741371DB0AE997BC6B3138298dd12D</td></tr><tr><td>SparkDEX Liquidator</td><td>0x73280E02B8563316c207914Cb08859623d6aF1AF</td></tr><tr><td>PauseGuardian</td><td>0x130d095BEA1dECbD5941D37FC33Bf462367eeb59</td></tr><tr><td>Unitroller</td><td>0xDcce91d46Ecb209645A26B5885500127819BeAdd</td></tr><tr><td>ComptrollerLib AllowList</td><td>0x64855600E74ce5cBA0C2A6401dBEe5Af9CCbE64f</td></tr><tr><td>ComptrollerLib</td><td>0x851122a71d584F201A496674f56b6367567b83Fc</td></tr><tr><td>ComptrollerV2</td><td>0x7c772A60CaB5e986ECDA9699438cD334244Bcf9F</td></tr><tr><td>LiquidatorWhiteList</td><td>0x2439a2DA4e8c3FEC51E64f8139c0c558F2144318</td></tr><tr><td>ProtocolFTSOV2Oracle</td><td>0x30eDf82B2B75BbBf8e0b04b0F59086d321af964D</td></tr><tr><td>USDC.e</td><td>0xFbDa5F676cB37624f28265A144A48B0d6e87d</td></tr><tr><td>JOULE</td><td>0x7B6fCf27E6Fc63aaee93295b8d116EefF11983D3</td></tr><tr><td>isoFLR</td><td>0xd7291D5001693d15b6e4d56d73B5d2cD7eCfE5c6</td></tr><tr><td>isoUSDC</td><td>0x1bb34A8360A09f3166574A331B941CD7E4463aB7</td></tr><tr><td>isoJOULE</td><td>0x7B6fCf27E6Fc63aaee93295b8d116EefF11983D3</td></tr><tr><td>isoFLR interestRateModel</td><td>0x78a281a345925FbA8a6364b30280F68caD5f6018</td></tr><tr><td>isoUSDCe interestRateModel</td><td>0xF105aff328B4a8D00Eb6F7e992346294E5bF2938</td></tr><tr><td>isoJOULE interestRateModel</td><td>0x1277194c0A3D557A419A2469935D82712B3F6C8D</td></tr><tr><td>Erc20Delegate</td><td>0x9cc8BFe73a68FE350Ad847081A8dA1a3B8cB27E2</td></tr><tr><td>CNativeDelegator</td><td>0xeb61a2fbC66E45BD5E765A8b810b092d958eaD62</td></tr><tr><td>Maximillion</td><td>0x4087D9625aF15dc5681990D1B8FE568cD9278112</td></tr><tr><td>Lens</td><td>0xA3fC6CbC28E6B1A4f40F74326c8A924C982Bb138</td></tr></tbody></table>

## FTSO Feeds

<table><thead><tr><th width="177">Name</th><th>Contract Address</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>USDT Price Feed</td><td><a href="https://flare-explorer.flare.network/address/0xbeCbA3ae453278574304DCb405a7f54a6155E0C4">0xbeCbA3ae453278574304DCb405a7f54a6155E0C4</a></td></tr><tr><td>ETH Price Feed</td><td><a href="https://flare-explorer.flare.network/address/0x1F31ba729A6A544DeEa2d405D98B066e3efE53FD">0x1F31ba729A6A544DeEa2d405D98B066e3efE53FD</a></td></tr><tr><td>FLR Price Feed</td><td><a href="https://flare-explorer.flare.network/address/0x799efB666d14739F3A6aF0b702405A94bb7F96F7">0x799efB666d14739F3A6aF0b702405A94bb7F96F7</a></td></tr><tr><td>USDC Price Feed</td><td><a href="https://flare-explorer.flare.network/address/0x981978c6D5753667bfC1a1856d8119482B7ceBF5">0x981978c6D5753667bfC1a1856d8119482B7ceBF5</a></td></tr><tr><td>BTC price feed</td><td><a href="https://flare-explorer.flare.network/address/0xe834543C53A11216a8434c545B7040A94217CB85">0xe834543C53A11216a8434c545B7040A94217CB85</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

## Link to the Burn Contract

{% embed url="<https://flarescan.com/address/0x000000000000000000000000000000000000dEaD>" %}


# Kinetic YouTube

Featured Videos

## DeFi Discussion with Alex Szul Co-Founder of Rome Blockchain Labs

{% embed url="<https://youtu.be/zWZtuxQt54A?feature=shared>" fullWidth="false" %}
Welcome to our first partnership discussion on DeFi!
\
In this episode, I chat with Alex Szul, Co-Founder of Rome Blockchain Labs who developed the infrastructure of Benqi on Avalanche and now Kinetic on the Flare Network.
{% endembed %}

## Connecting with Kinetic (Nick and Max from Flare)

{% embed url="<https://youtu.be/dIB1LqRkk2Y?feature=shared>" %}
Welcome to the seventh episode of Connecting with Kinetic.
\
In this episode, I chat with Nick Campion, Head of Marketing at Flare, and Max Luck, Head of Growth at Flare about their journey and perspective on the industry.
{% endembed %}

## Connecting with Kinetic (Bitrue)

{% embed url="<https://youtu.be/nayeIiLTZPQ?feature=shared>" %}
Welcome to the sixteenth episode of Connecting with Kinetic.
\
In this episode, I chat with Shruti Kohli, Business Development Head at Bitrue.
\
We talk about traveling, how web3 is like a black mirror episode, and the relationship between Bitrue and Flare!
{% endembed %}

## Connecting with Kinetic (Sceptre)

{% embed url="<https://youtu.be/2WgD0cxF-jo?feature=shared>" %}
Welcome to the thirteenth episode of Connecting with Kinetic.
\
In this episode, I chat with Alexander Elhorst, from Rome Blockchain Labs, about Sceptre, a liquid staking solution that recently launched on the Flare network.
{% endembed %}

## Connecting with Kinetic (Cyclo)

{% embed url="<https://youtu.be/rvuO392iAxI?feature=shared>" %}
Welcome to the nineteenth episode of Connecting with Kinetic.
\
In this episode, I chat with Dave and Josh from Cyclo!
\
We talk about non-liquidating leverage, anime arbitrage, and the future of Cyclo!
{% endembed %}

### Click here for more Connecting with Kinetic

{% embed url="<https://www.youtube.com/@Kinetic-Market>" %}


# Co-Marketing Playbook

Kinetics' Marketing Playbook is here to help facilitate a successful and mutually beneficial partnership between us and you. Here you will find information about Kinetic, the Flare ecosystem, resources, and links.

## About Kinetic

Kinetic is a pioneering lending and borrowing protocol operating on the Flare Network. Led by a dedicated trio of core contributors, Kinetic has forged a strategic partnership with Rome Blockchain Labs, leveraging their robust technical infrastructure for uninterrupted communication and security. With a focus on harnessing the expertise gained from years in the decentralized lending sector, Kinetic aims to cater to users seeking advanced strategies and reliable decentralized data facilitated by FTSO, LayerCake, and FAssets on the Flare Network. Its mission is to establish a liquidity hub enabling both individuals and institutions to maximize the potential of Flare, fostering DeFi expansion.

## Kinetic Assets

[Brand Assets](https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1ZGh6GHkahhgimYjSWIx4XsPtxkFoRqcQ?usp=drive_link) - please find all brand assets here including the brand guide, logos, icons, and social media banners.

## Resources and Links

* [Website](https://kinetic.market/)
* [X/Twitter](https://twitter.com/Kinetic_Markets)
* [Telegram](https://t.me/kineticmarket)
* [Discord](https://discord.com/invite/UvnDV44maD)
* [Medium](https://medium.com/@socials.kinetic)
* [YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCpfWayKLVd5EI-2A54tXidQ)
* [Link Tree](https://linktr.ee/kinetic.market)
* [LitePaper](https://medium.com/@socials.kinetic/the-kinetic-litepaper-a97bf58030ed)

## Partnership Opportunities

1. New Integration Tweet/Thread
2. Kinetic Partnership Spotlight
3. Connecting with Kinetic Interview - You Tube
   * Examples:
     1. [Connecting with Kinetic invites Nikitas Christodoulakis from Enosys](https://youtu.be/kS53yOYSjEM?feature=shared)
     2. [DeFi Discussion with Alex Szul Co-Founder of Rome Blockchain Labs](https://youtu.be/zWZtuxQt54A?feature=shared)
4. Amplify News and Announcements
5. X Spaces/Telegram AMA
6. Showcase on our Website
7. Partnership Introductions
   * Kinetics' success will be determined, in large part, by the success of our wonderful partners. This is why we strive to foster synergy and forge strong relationships between the many projects we encounter building in Web3. If you would like to be introduced to any of our partners, please, do not hesitate to reach out to us

## Help Kinetic Spread the Word

1. Integration Announcement Tweet/Blog
2. Showcase Kinetic on your Website
3. Tag @Kinetic\_Markets in your announcements


# Troubleshooting and FAQ's

Common issues that users might encounter while using the Kinetic protocol can include issues related to transaction processing, account access, or understanding specific features of the platform. If users face transaction-related problems such as delays or failures, it's advisable to check the blockchain network status and gas fees. Sometimes, transactions can be pending due to network congestion or insufficient gas fees. Users can adjust gas fees accordingly to expedite transactions or wait for network conditions to improve.

\
For account access issues, users should ensure they have securely stored their wallet information and private keys. If access is lost, following standard recovery procedures for their specific wallet type is essential. Additionally, if users encounter difficulties understanding certain features or processes within Kinetic, they can refer to the platform's comprehensive documentation, seek assistance from the Kinetic community or support channels, or explore the Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) section for guidance.

<details>

<summary>What is Kinetic, and how does it work?</summary>

Kinetic is an on chain borrow lend protocol. Supplying assets into kinetic supply markets allow users to earn interest, or extend their exposure by using it as collateral to borrow other assets against it. All borrowers on Kinetic must be overcollateralized to utilize the borrow function of the protocol.

</details>

<details>

<summary>How do I supply assets to the lending pool?</summary>

To supply assets into Kinetic:
\
Connect your wallet
\
Select an asset from the Supply tab drop down in the market you wish to supply into
\
Approve the asset in your wallet
\
Click Supply

</details>

<details>

<summary>Can I borrow assets on Kinetic?</summary>

Yes, once you have supplied an asset into the supply market, you can choose to collateralize your supply, enabling you to borrow. To borrow assets from Kinetic:
\
Select the asset you wish to borrow from the drop down menu in the Borrow tab
\
Approve the action in your wallet
\
Click Borrow

</details>

<details>

<summary>What are the withdrawal procedures for supplied assets?</summary>

To withdraw supplied assets:
\
Go to your dashboard
\
Select the asset that you wish to withdraw
\
Click Withdraw

If you have borrowed assets against the supply, the withdrawal may require maintaining collateral.

</details>

<details>

<summary>What are the risks associated with lending and borrowing on Kinetic?</summary>

Risks include smart contract risk, market price fluctuations and borrower defaults. Bridging and oracles can also introduce risks. Kinetic uses security partners like Hypernative and Shapeshifter and multiple audit partners to help mitigate these risks.

</details>

<details>

<summary>How can I mitigate risks effectively?</summary>

Monitor your loan health factor and stay informed about asset conditions and market trends. Adjust collateral or repay loans if needed.

</details>

<details>

<summary>How can I participate in the Kii Stake voting process?</summary>

To participate in Kii Stake voting, log in to your account, navigate to the voting dashboard, and cast your vote within the specified time frame. You can also delegate your vote to trusted delegators.

</details>

<details>

<summary>What security measures are in place?</summary>

Kinetic partners with Shapeshifter, Hypernative, Chainalysis Screening Tools, GeoFencing and others for code security, audits, and real-time risk management and monitoring.

</details>

<details>

<summary>How do I stay updated on protocol upgrades?</summary>

Kinetic announces protocol upgrades and changes through official social channels. Keep an eye on Kinetics' social media and website for updates and announcements.

</details>


# Glossary of Terms

<details>

<summary>Decentralized Finance (DeFi)</summary>

DeFi refers to a decentralized financial ecosystem that operates on blockchain technology and smart contracts, offering permissionless access to a wide range of financial services and instruments, such as lending, borrowing, trading, and yield farming.

</details>

<details>

<summary><strong>Kinetic Protocol</strong></summary>

A decentralized lending and borrowing platform built on the Flare Network, offering overcollateralized algorithmic lending.

</details>

<details>

<summary>Flare network</summary>

Flare network is a blockchain platform known for its integration of the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) and its trustless two-way bridge to other blockchains. It enables the creation of decentralized applications (dApps) and smart contracts, making it a versatile platform for DeFi innovation.

</details>

<details>

<summary>Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM)</summary>

The EVM is a runtime environment that executes smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain. Flare Network's integration of the EVM allows developers to create and deploy Ethereum-compatible smart contracts on the Flare platform.

</details>

<details>

<summary>Smart Contracts</summary>

Smart contracts are self-executing contracts with the terms and conditions of the agreement directly written into code. They automatically execute actions when predefined conditions are met, eliminating the need for intermediaries.

</details>

<details>

<summary>Interoperability</summary>

Interoperability refers to the ability of different blockchain networks or protocols to interact and share data or assets seamlessly. Flare Network's trustless bridges enable interoperability with other blockchains.

</details>

<details>

<summary>Borrow and Lend Protocol</summary>

A borrow and lend protocol is a DeFi platform that enables users to lend their digital assets, earn interest on their holdings, and borrow assets against collateral. It plays a vital role in DeFi by facilitating financial activities and yield generation.

</details>

<details>

<summary>Governance Model</summary>

A governance model defines how decisions are made and protocols are managed within a blockchain ecosystem. It often includes mechanisms for token holders to participate in decision-making processes.

</details>

<details>

<summary>Tokenomics</summary>

Tokenomics refers to the economic model and dynamics of a cryptocurrency or token. It encompasses aspects such as token distribution, utility, incentives, and the overall economic structure of a blockchain ecosystem.

</details>

<details>

<summary>Yield Farming</summary>

Yield farming is a DeFi practice in which users provide liquidity to decentralized exchanges or lending protocols in exchange for rewards or interest. It involves optimizing strategies to maximize returns on crypto assets.

</details>

<details>

<summary>Collateralization</summary>

Collateralization is the process of providing assets as collateral to secure a loan or borrow against those assets. In DeFi, collateralization ensures that the borrower has assets of value backing their borrowed funds.

</details>

<details>

<summary>Liquidation</summary>

Liquidation is the process of selling collateral assets to repay a loan in the event that the borrower's position becomes undercollateralized or reaches a specified liquidation threshold.

</details>

<details>

<summary>DAO (Decentralized Autonomous Organization)</summary>

&#x20;A DAO is an organization governed by code and smart contracts, rather than a centralized authority. DAOs enable decentralized decision-making and management of a blockchain project or protocol.

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<summary>FTSO (Flare Time Series Oracle)</summary>

FTSO is a decentralized oracle service provided by the Flare Network, offering reliable and tamper-resistant price feeds for assets within the network.

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<summary>FAssets</summary>

Tokens representing non-smart contract assets from various blockchains on the Flare Network.

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<summary>EVM Bridge</summary>

&#x20;An EVM bridge is a mechanism that connects different blockchain networks to the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), allowing for the seamless execution of Ethereum-compatible smart contracts on those networks.

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<summary><strong>JOULE</strong></summary>

The native liquid token of the Kinetic protocol, native to Flare network and listed on the Probit centralized exchange.

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<summary>k<strong>Tokens</strong></summary>

Tokens representing a user's share of a liquidity market and the interest on their deposit.

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